Campaigns of The Army of the Potomac 1861-1865

Description

Campaigns of the
Army of the Potomac
1861-1865
A Critical History of Operations in Virginia, Maryland and
Pennsylvania From the Commencement to the Close of the War
By William Swinton
1882
665
pages, illustrated, searchable
- Bonus Book -
Complete Report
on the Organization and Campaigns of the
Army of the Potomac
1861-1865
By George McClellan
1882
142
pages, illustrated, searchable
- Bonus Book #2 -
History of the Cavalry
of the
Army of the Potomac
By Charles D. Rhodes, 1900
200 pages, indexed, searchable
- Bonus Book #3 -
Hospital Life in the
Army of the Potomac
By William Howell Reed, 1891
199 pages, indexed, searchable
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The Army of the Potomac was created in 1861, but was only the size of a corps (relative to the size of Union armies
later in the war). Its nucleus was called the Army of Northeastern Virginia, under Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell, and it
was the army that fought (and lost) the war's first major battle, the First Battle of Bull Run. The arrival in Washington, D.C.,
of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan dramatically changed the makeup of that army. McClellan's original assignment
was to command the Division of the Potomac, which included the Department of Northeast Virginia under McDowell
and the Department of Washington under Brig. Gen. Joseph K. Mansfield. On July 26, 1861, the Department of
the Shenandoah, commanded by Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks, was merged with McClellan's departments and
on that day, McClellan formed the Army of the Potomac, which was composed of all military forces in the f
ormer Departments of Northeastern Virginia, Washington, Baltimore, and the Shenandoah. The men under Banks's
command became an infantry division in the Army of the Potomac. The army started with four corps, but these
were divided during the Peninsula Campaign to produce two more. After the Second Battle of Bull Run, the Army
of the Potomac absorbed the units that had served under Maj. Gen. John Pope.
It is a popular, but mistaken, belief that John Pope commanded the Army of the Potomac in the summer of
1862 after McClellan's unsuccessful Peninsula Campaign. However, Pope's army consisted of different units and
was named the Army of Virginia. During the time that the Army of Virginia existed, the Army of the Potomac
was headquartered on the Virginia Peninsula, and then outside Washington, D.C., with McClellan still in command,
although three corps of the Army of the Potomac were sent to northern Virginia and were under Pope's
operational control during the Northern Virginia Campaign.
The Army of the Potomac was also the name given to General P.G.T. Beauregard's Confederate army during the
early stages of the war (namely, First Bull Run; thus, the losing Union Army ended up adopting the name of the
winning Confederate army). However, the name was eventually changed to the Army of Northern Virginia, which
became famous under General Robert E. Lee.
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"It is not without diffidence that I give to the world a volume in
eluding within its single self the history of events so vast and com-
plicated, so little understood and so greatly misunderstood, as
those that filled up the momentous four years during which the
chief armies of the North and the South fought the war of secession
to an. issue upon the soil of Virginia. Yet, I should not have at-
tempted the task, had I not been met both by an inward prompting
in the desire to speak truly of actions and men whereof there has
been hitherto little else than false witness, and by outward solici-
tations, in the possession of such a mass of documentary material
as it seldom falls to the writer of contemporaneous history to
obtain.
"While the Army of the Potomac was yet in the field, there were
many who, believing that I would in time make fitter record of the
doings and sufferings of that army than was possible in the brief
chronicles which it was my duty to prepare for the press, began
even then to furnish me with oral and written information. And
no sooner had the war closed, and it was known that I had ad-
dressed myself to this work in earnest, than, from all sides, reports,
dispatches, and memorials poured in upon me. It soon came about
that, respecting every important action of the Army of the Potomac,
there were brought to my hand, not only the manuscript official re-
ports of its corps, division, and brigade commanders, but, for the
illustration of its inner life and history, a prodigious mass of me-
moirs, private note-books, dispatches, letter-books, etc. In addition,
I have had the benefit of the memory and judgment of most of the
chief officers ; and, both from these and others, have had so many
proofs of their kindly solicitude that nothing which could be of
use to me should be wanting, that I have been led to believe they
did not regard me as entirely unworthy to record the history of
their army."
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